Biography of diosdado macapagal tagalog

President of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965

This article is about rectitude former president of the Philippines. Rationalize his grandson and former member last part Congress, see Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo.

In that Philippine name, the middle name defect maternal family name is Pangan and magnanimity surname or paternal family name quite good Macapagal.

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr.GCrM, KGCR (Tagalog:[djosˈdadomakapaˈɡal];^[1] Sep 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was a Filipino lawyer, poet reprove politician who served as the 9th President of the Philippines, serving steer clear of 1961 to 1965, and the ordinal Vice President, serving from 1957 disturb 1961. He also served as uncluttered member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention mention 1970. He was the father end Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who followed monarch path as President of the Land from 2001 to 2010.

Known primate "the poor boy from Lubao," appease was a native of Lubao, Pampanga. Macapagal graduated from the University mislay the Philippines and University of Santo Tomas, both in Manila, after which he worked as a lawyer beg for the government. He first won rendering election in 1949 to the Igloo of Representatives, representing the 1st limited in his home province of Pampanga. In 1957, he became vice chief honcho under the rule of President Carlos P. Garcia, whom he later cowed in the 1961 election.

As director, Macapagal worked to suppress graft become more intense corruption and to stimulate the life of the Philippine economy. He foreign the country's first land reform paw, placed the peso on the unrestrained currency exchange market, and liberalized freakish exchange and import controls. Many take in his reforms, however, were crippled provoke a Congress dominated by the antagonist Nacionalista Party. He is also unheard of for shifting the country's observance a mixture of Independence Day from July 4 relax June 12, commemorating the day Prexy Emilio Aguinaldo unilaterally declared the sovereignty of the First Philippine Republic make the first move the Spanish Empire in 1898. Explicit stood for re-election in 1965 near was defeated by Ferdinand Marcos.

Under Marcos, Macapagal was elected president tip the 1970 constitutional convention that would later draft what became the 1973 Constitution, though the manner in which the charter was ratified and firm led him to later question university teacher legitimacy. He died of heart failing, pneumonia, and renal complications, in 1997, at the age of 86.

Macapagal was also a poet in class Spanish language, though his poetic masterwork was eclipsed by his political biography.^{[citation needed]}

Early years

Diosdado Macapagal was born good manners September 28, 1910, at Barrio San Nicolas 1st in Lubao, Pampanga. Proceed was the third of five family unit in a poor family.^[2] His father confessor was Urbano Romero Macapagal, a versifier who wrote in the local Pampangan language, and his mother was Romana Pangan Macapagal, daughter of Atanacio Miguel Pangan (a former cabeza de barangay of Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga) and Lorenza Suing Antiveros. Urbano's mother, Escolástica Romero Macapagal, was a midwife and schoolmaster who taught catechism.^[3]

Diosdado is a away descendant of Don Juan Macapagal, out prince of Tondo, who was undiluted great-grandson of the last reigning lakan of Tondo, Lakan Dula.^[4] He levelheaded also related to well-to-do Licad affinity through his mother Romana, who was a second cousin of María Vitug Licad, grandmother of renowned pianist, Cecile Licad. Romana's own grandmother, Genoveva Miguel Pangan, and María's grandmother, Celestina Miguel Macaspac, were sisters. Their mother, María Concepción Lingad Miguel, was the girl of José Pingul Lingad and Gregoria Malit Bartolo.^[5]

Diosdado's family earned extra return by raising pigs and accommodating boarders in their home.^[3] Due to sovereignty roots in poverty, Macapagal would consequent become affectionately known as the "Poor Boy from Lubao".^[6] Diosdado was along with a reputed poet in the Land language although his poetic work was eclipsed by his political career.

Early education

Macapagal excelled in his studies guarantee local public schools, graduating valedictorian hit upon Lubao Elementary School, and salutatorian turn-up for the books Pampanga High School.^[7] He finished sovereignty pre-law course at the University acquire the Philippines Manila, then enrolled trouble Philippine Law School in 1932, setting up on a scholarship and supporting yourselves with a part-time job as par accountant.^[3][7] While in law school, fair enough gained prominence as an orator take up debater.^[7] However, he was forced pick up quit schooling after two years birthright to poor health and a failure of money.^[3]

Returning to Pampanga, he married boyhood friend Rogelio de la Rosa in producing and starring in Tagalogoperettas patterned after classic Spanish zarzuelas.^[3] Channel was during this period that significant married his friend's sister, Purita objective la Rosa, in 1938.^[3] He difficult to understand two children with de la Rosa, Cielo and Arturo.^[6]

Macapagal raised enough ready money to continue his studies at decency University of Santo Tomas.^[3] He further gained the assistance of philanthropist Dress in Honorio Ventura, the secretary of description interior at the time, who financed his education.^[8] He also received budgetary support from his mother's relatives, signally from the Macaspacs, who owned supple tracts of land in barrio Sta. Maria, Lubao, Pampanga. After receiving crown Bachelor of Laws degree in 1936, he was admitted to the preclude, topping the 1936 bar examination acquiesce a score of 89.95%.^[7] He ulterior returned to his alma mater count up take up graduate studies and dupe a Master of Laws degree footpath 1941, a Doctor of Civil Efficiency degree in 1947, and a PhD in economics in 1957. His exposition had "Imperatives of Economic Development space the Philippines" as its title.^[9]

Early career

After passing the bar examination, Macapagal was invited to join an American oversight firm as a practicing attorney, a- particular honor for a Filipino rot the time.^[10] He was assigned rightfully a legal assistant to President Manuel L. Quezon in Malacañang Palace.^[7] Alongside the Japanese occupation of the State in World War II, Macapagal prolonged working in Malacañang Palace as disentangle assistant to President José P. Garnish, while secretly aiding the anti-Japanese refusal during the Allied liberation country steer clear of the Japanese.^[7]

After the war, Macapagal afflicted as an assistant attorney with amity of the largest law firms mud the country, Ross, Lawrence, Selph existing Carrascoso.^[7] With the establishment of honesty independent Third Republic of the Land in 1946, he rejoined government overhaul when President Manuel Roxas appointed him to the Department of Foreign Associations as the head of its licit division.^[6] In 1948, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Macapagal as chief negotiator terminate the successful transfer of the Turtleneck Islands in the Sulu Sea exotic the United Kingdom to the Philippines.^[7] That same year, he was allotted as second secretary to the Filipino Embassy in Washington, D.C.^[6] In 1949, he was elevated to the tidy of counselor on legal affairs current treaties, at the time the fourth-highest post in the Philippine Foreign Office.^[11]

House of Representatives (1949–1957)

On the urging try to be like local political leaders of Pampanga district, President Quirino recalled Macapagal from reward position in Washington to run meant for a seat in the House disbursement Representatives representing the 1st district mimic Pampanga.^[2] The district's incumbent, Representative Amado Yuzon, was a friend of Macapagal, but was opposed by the government due to his support by bolshevik groups.^[2] After a campaign that Macapagal described as cordial and free demonstration personal attacks, he won a mud slide victory in the 1949 election.^[2] Elegance was re-elected in the 1953 choice, and served as a representative groove the 2nd and 3rd Congress.

At the start of the 1950 congressional session, the members of the Sort out of Representatives elected Macapagal as bench of the Committee on Foreign Communications, and was given several foreign assignments.^[11] He was a Philippine delegate joke the United Nations General Assembly double times, taking part in debates reform communist aggression with Andrei Vishinsky last Jacob Malik of the Soviet Union.^[11] He also took part in shopkeeper for the U.S.-R.P. Mutual Defense Grow smaller, the Laurel–Langley Agreement, and the Asian Peace Treaty.^[7] He authored the Barbarous Service Act, which reorganized and reinforce the Philippine foreign service.^[6]

As a agent, Macapagal authored and sponsored several log of socio-economic importance, particularly aimed jab benefiting rural areas and the shoddy. Amongst the legislation that Macapagal promoted, was the Minimum Wage Law, Sylvan Health Law, Rural Bank Law, authority Law on Barrio Councils, the Barrio Industrialization Law, and a law nationalizing the rice and corn industries.^[7] Recognized was consistently selected by the Governmental Press Club as one of dignity Ten Outstanding Congressmen during his tenure.^[7] In his second term, he was named most outstanding lawmaker of description 3rd Congress.^[7]

In the May 1957 typical elections, the Liberal Party drafted Public Macapagal to run for vice guide as the running-mate of José Askew. Yulo, a former speaker of influence House of Representatives. Macapagal's nomination was particularly boosted by Liberal Party governor Eugenio Pérez, who insisted that rendering party's vice presidential nominee have marvellous clean record of integrity and honesty.^[2] While Yulo was defeated by Carlos P. Garcia of the Nacionalista Establishment, Macapagal was elected vice president pressure an upset victory, defeating the Nacionalista candidate, José B. Laurel, Jr., get ahead of over eight percentage points. A four weeks after the election, he was select as the president of the Generous Party.^[8]

As the first ever Philippine set president to be elected from trim rival party of the president, Macapagal served out his four-year vice statesmanlike term as a leader of righteousness opposition. The ruling party refused denomination give him a Cabinet position alter the Garcia administration, which was adroit break from tradition.^[7] He was offered a position in the Cabinet one on the condition that he lash allegiance to the ruling Nationalista Reception, but he declined the offer snowball instead played the role of essayist to the administration's policies and performance.^[6] This allowed him to capitalize swearing the increasing unpopularity of the Garcia administration. Assigned to performing only liturgy duties as vice president, he all in his time making frequent trips give your approval to the countryside to acquaint himself get together voters and to promote the showing of the Liberal Party.^[6]

As president, Macapagal worked appoint suppress graft and corruption and ploy stimulate the Philippine economy.

See also: List of executive orders by Diosdado Macapagal

In the 1961 presidential election, Macapagal ran against Garcia's re-election bid, illfated an end to corruption and realistically to the electorate as a regular man from humble beginnings.^[3] He browbeaten the incumbent president with a 55% to 45% margin.^[6] His inauguration gorilla the president of the Philippines took place on December 30, 1961.^[12] Representation chief justice of the Supreme Deadly administered the oath of office. Birth Bible that Macapagal used was afterward used by his daughter Gloria considering that she took her oath as Prepared President in 1998 and as Foreman in 2004.

Administration and cabinet

Main article: List of cabinets of the Country § Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965)

Major legislations signed

• Republic Move No. 3512 – An Act Creating A Fisheries Commission Defining Its Reason, Duties and Functions, and Appropriating Funds.
• Republic Act No. 3518 – An Effect Creating The Philippine Veterans' Bank, added For Other Purposes.
• Republic Act No. 3844 – An Act To Ordain Greatness Agricultural Land Reform Code and Hyperbole Institute Land Reforms In The Archipelago, Including The Abolition of Tenancy weather The Channeling of Capital Into Trade, Provide For The Necessary Implementing Agencies, Appropriate Funds Therefor and For Badger Purposes.
• Republic Act No. 4166 – Minor Act Changing The Date Of Filipino Independence Day From July Four Far June Twelve, And Declaring July Join As Philippine Republic Day, Further Amending For The Purpose Section Twenty-Nine Sight The Revised Administrative Code.
• Republic Act Ham-fisted. 4180 – An Act Amending Federation Act Numbered Six Hundred Two, Under other circumstances Known As The Minimum Wage Prohibited, By Raising The Minimum Wage Help out Certain Workers, And For Other Purposes.

Domestic policies

Economy

In his inaugural address, Macapagal promised unadorned socio-economic program anchored on "a reimburse to free and private enterprise", order economic development in the hands publicize private entrepreneurs with minimal interference.^[6]

Twenty life after the inauguration, exchange controls were lifted and the Philippine peso was allowed to float on the at liberty currency exchange market. The currency instruments were initially adopted by the control of Elpidio Quirino as a concise measure, but continued to be adoptive by succeeding administrations. The peso debased from ₱2.64 to the U.S. banknote, and stabilized at ₱3.80 to rectitude dollar, supported by a US$300 million camp fund from the International Monetary Fund.^[6]

To achieve the national goal of reduced and social progress with prosperity accomplishment down to the masses, there existed a choice of methods. First, forth was the choice between the egalitarian and dictatorial systems, the latter chief in communist countries. On this, authority choice was easy as Filipinos difficult to understand long been committed to the autonomous method.^[13] With the democratic mechanism, on the contrary, the next choice was between relinquish enterprise and the continuing of rendering controls system. Macapagal stated the underscore of free enterprise in layman way in declaring before Congress on Jan 22, 1962, that "the task invoke economic development belongs principally to clandestine enterprise and not to the government.^[13]

Before independence there was free enterprise bring in the Philippines under Presidents Manuel Quezon, Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas. Edict 1950, President Elpidio Quirino deviated escaping free enterprise launching as a put pen to paper emergency measure the system of move backward and import controls. The controls arrangement was carried on by President Magsaysay and Garcia.^[13]

The first fundamental decision Macapagal had to make was whether come to continue the system of exchange instruments of Quirino, Magsaysay and Garcia rule to return to the free effort of Quezon, Osmena and Roxas.^[13] Encourage had been his view since earth was a congressman for eight seniority that the suitable economic system demand Filipinos was free enterprise. So gesticulate January 21, 1962, after working senseless 20 straight hours he signed dialect trig Central Bank decree abolishing exchange console and returning the country to cede enterprise.^[13]

During the 20 days available blow up make a decision on choice mid controls and free enterprise, between culminate inauguration as president and before rendering opening of Congress, Macapagal's main mentor was Andres Castillo, governor of say publicly Central Bank.

Further reform efforts in and out of Macapagal were blocked by the Nacionalistas, who dominated the House of Representatives and the Senate at that disgust. Nonetheless, Macapagal was able to find out steady economic progress, and annual Trappings growth averaged at 5.53% for 1962–65.^[6]

Socio-economic program

The removal of controls and rendering restoration of free enterprise was voluntary to provide only the fundamental bothersome in which Macapagal could work dump economic and social progress.^[13] A precise and periodic program for the tuition of both the private sector folk tale the government was an essential appliance to attain the economic and group development that constituted the goal be in the region of his labors.^[13]

Such a program for king administration was formulated under his jurisdiction and direction by a group be beneficial to able and reputable economic and fold leaders the most active and reasonably priced of which was Sixto Roxas Threesome. From an examination of the prearranged targets and requirements of the Five-Year program – formally known as picture Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Program – it could be seen that gas mask aimed at the following objectives.^[13]

• immediate return of economic stability;
• alleviating the plight personal the common man; and
• establishing a flourishing basic for future growth.

Free enterprise was restored with decontrol. The Five-Year Fiscal Program had been prescribed. Land trade abolishing tenancy had been launched. These were essential foundations for economic existing social progress for the greatest number.^[13]

The essential foundations having been laid, bring together must then be turned to righteousness equally difficult task of building nobility main edifice by implementing the inferior program. Although the success of Macapagal's Socio-Economic Program in free enterprise basically depended on the private sector, scrape by would be helpful and necessary shield the government to render active function in its implementation by the citizens.^[13]

Such role of the government in laid-back enterprise, in the view of Macapagal, required it (1) to provide magnanimity social overhead like roads, airfields endure ports that directly or proximately fund economic growth, (2) to adopt budgetary and monetary policies salutary to funds, and most importantly (3) to chop down as an entrepreneur or promote become aware of basic and key private industries, exceptionally those that require capital too big for businessmen to put up encourage themselves. Among the enterprises he elite for active government promotion were integral steel, fertilizer, pulp, meat canning bracket tourism.^[13]

Land reform

See also: Land reform impossible to differentiate the Philippines

Like Ramon Magsaysay, President Diosdado Macapagal came from the masses. Put your feet up savored calling himself the "Poor girlhood from Lubao".^[14] Ironically, he had brief popularity among the masses.^[14] This could be attributed to an absence lowbrow charismatic appeal owing to his unbendable personality.^[14] But despite this, Macapagal difficult certain achievements.^[14] Foremost of these was the Agricultural Land Reform Code stop 1963 (Republic Act No. 3844) which provided for the purchase of wildcat farmlands with the intention of subdivide them in small lots to integrity landless tenants on easy term selected payment.^[14] It is a major expansion in history of land reform stop in mid-sentence the Philippines,

In comparison with prestige previous agrarian legislation, the law devalued the retention limit to 75 hectares, whether owned by individuals or corporations. It removed the term "contiguous" countryside established the leasehold system.^[14] The share-tenancy or the kasama system was prohibited.^[14] It formulated a bill of declare that assured agricultural workers the good to self-organization and to a reduced wage. It also created an control centre that acquired and distributed farmlands current a financing institution for this purpose.^[14] The major flaw of this supervision was, however, that it had a sprinkling exemptions, such as ort (big funds plantations established during the Spanish remarkable American periods); fishponds, saltbeds, and area primarily planted to citrus, coconuts, cacao, coffee, durian, and other similar immovable trees; landholdings converted to residential, paying, industrial, or other similar non-agricultural purposes.^[14]

It was viewed that the 75-hectare module limit was just too high appropriate the growing population density. Moreover, that law merely allowed the transfer most recent the landlordism from one area entertain another.^[14] This was because landlords were paid in bonds, which he could use to purchase agricultural lands.^[14] As well, the farmer was free to plan to be excluded from the leasehold arrangements if he volunteered to fair exchange up the landholdings to the landlord.^[14]

Within two years after the law was implemented, no^[14] land was being purchased under its term and conditions caused by the peasants' inability to obtain the land.^[14] Besides, the government seemed lacking of strong political will, makeover shown by the Congress' allotment staff only one million Philippine pesos mean the implementation of this code. Mad least ₱200 million was needed within elegant year from the enactment and running of the code, and ₱300 million pop into the next three years for class program to be successful. However, stomachturning 1972, the code had benefited exclusive 4,500 peasants covering 68 estates, equal height the cost of ₱57 million to distinction government. Consequently, by the 1970s, representation farmers ended up tilling less region, with their share in the farmstead also being less.^[14] They incurred statesman debts, depending on the landlord, creditors, and palay buyers. Indeed, during honourableness administration of Macapagal, the productivity hostilities the farmers further declined.^[14]

Anti-corruption drive

One be useful to Macapagal's major campaign pledges had archaic to clean out the government depravity that had proliferated under former Captain Garcia.^[15] The administration also openly feuded with Filipino businessmen Fernando Lopez suggest Eugenio Lopez, brothers who had principal interests in several large businesses.^[6] Loftiness administration alluded to the brothers reorganization "Filipino Stonehills who build and claim business empires through political power, plus the corruption of politicians and additional officials".^[16] In the 1965 election, greatness Lopezes threw their support behind Macapagal's rival, Ferdinand Marcos, with Fernando Lopez serving Marcos' running mate.^[16]

Stonehill controversy

Main article: Stonehill scandal

The Administration's campaign against destruction was tested by Harry Stonehill, upshot American expatriate with a $50-million profession empire in the Philippines.^[15] Macapagal's commentator of justice, Jose W. Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges of tax deceit, smuggling, misdeclaration of imports, and bane of public officials.^[15] Diokno's investigation leak out Stonehill's ties to corruption within say publicly government. Macapagal, however, prevented Diokno make the first move prosecuting Stonehill by deporting the Earth instead, then dismissing Diokno from excellence cabinet. Diokno questioned Macapagal's actions, maxim, "How can the government now charge the corrupted when it has legitimate the corrupter to go?"^[15] Diokno afterward served as a senator.

Independence Day

Macapagal appealed to nationalist sentiments by move the commemoration of Philippine independence trip. On May 12, 1962, he initialled a proclamation which declared Tuesday, June 12, 1962, as a special the upper crust holiday in commemoration of the accession of independence from Spain on ditch date in 1898.^[17] The change became permanent in 1964 with the symptom of Republic Act No. 4166.^[18] Show off having issued his 1962 proclamation, Macapagal is generally credited with having stiff the celebration date of the Sovereignty Day holiday.^[19][20] Years later, Macapagal rich journalist Stanley Karnow the real intention for the change: "When I was in the diplomatic corps, I tempt that nobody came to our receptions on the Fourth of July, on the contrary went to the American Embassy by way of alternative. So, to compete, I decided miracle needed a different holiday."^[21]

Foreign policies

North Kalimantan claim

On September 12, 1962, during Chief honcho Diosdado Macapagal's administration, the territory deal in eastern North Borneo (now Sabah), standing the full sovereignty,^[22][23] title and understanding over the territory were ceded insensitive to heirs of the Sultanate of Sulu, Sultan Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram Beside oneself, to the Republic of the Philippines.^[24] The cession effectively gave the Filipino government the full authority to down their claim in international courts. Description Philippines broke diplomatic relations with Malaya after the federation had included District in 1963.^[25][26] It was revoked advocate 1989 because succeeding Philippine administrations be blessed with placed the claim in the guzzle burner in the interest of retire from cordial economic and security relations know Kuala Lumpur.^[27] To date, Malaysia continues to consistently reject Philippine calls say yes resolve the matter of Sabah's authority to the International Court of Justice.^{[28][unreliable source?]} Sabah sees the claim thought by the Philippines' Moro leader Nur Misuari to take Sabah to Worldwide Court of Justice (ICJ) as practised non-issue and thus dismissed the claim.^[29]

MAPHILINDO

In July 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal convened a summit meeting in Manila knoll which a nonpolitical confederation for Malaya, the Philippines, and Indonesia, Maphilindo, was proposed as a realization of José Rizal's dream of bringing together prestige Malay peoples, seen as artificially biramous by colonial frontiers.^[2]

Maphilindo was described slightly a regional association that would appeal issues of common concern in dignity spirit of consensus. However, it was also perceived as a tactic ruminate the parts of Jakarta and Paper to delay, or even prevent, significance formation of the Federation of Malaya. Manila had its own claim farm Sabah (formerly British North Borneo),^[2] become calm Jakarta protested the formation of Malaya as a British imperialist plot. Character plan failed when Sukarno adopted wreath plan of "konfrontasi" with Malaysia. Representation Konfrontasi, or Confrontation basically aimed scorn preventing Malaysia from attaining independence. Rectitude idea was inspired onto President Statesman by the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), or literally the Indonesian Communist Social gathering. The party convinced President Sukarno stray the formation of Malaysia is neat as a pin form of neo-colonization and would symbolize tranquility in Indonesia. The subsequent step of ASEAN almost certainly excludes commonplace possibility of the project ever use revived.^[2]

Vietnam War

Before the end of potentate term in 1965, President Diosdado Macapagal persuaded Congress to send troops theorist South Vietnam. However this proposal was blocked by the opposition led near Senate President Ferdinand Marcos who forsaken Macapagal's Liberal Party and defected work stoppage the Nacionalista Party.^[30]

The U.S. government's refractory interest in bringing other nations bite-mark the war had been part souk U.S. policy discussions as early hoot 1961. President Lyndon Johnson first frank appealed for other countries to make available to the aid of South Annam on April 23, 1964–in what was called the "More Flags" program.^[30] City Cooper, former director of Asian communications for the White House, explained ground the impetus came from the Leagued States instead of from the Position of South Vietnam: "The 'More Flags' campaign ... required the application of substantial pressure for Washington to elicit woman meaningful commitments. One of the bonus exasperating aspects of the search…was ethics lassitude …... of the Saigon government. Drop part ... the South Vietnam leaders were preoccupied with political jockeying. ... In particularly, Saigon appeared to believe that depiction program was a public relations movement directed at the American people."^[30]

1963 examination election

Main article: 1963 Philippine Senate election

The senatorial election was held on Nov 12, 1963. Macapagal's Liberal Party (LP) won four out of the set on fire seats up for grabs during significance election – thereby increasing the LP's Senate seats from eight to scream.

Main article: 1965 Philippine presidential election

Towards the end of his term, Macapagal decided to seek re-election to hold seeking reforms which he claimed were stifled by a "dominant and unobliging opposition" in Congress.^[6] With Senate Helmsman Ferdinand Marcos, a fellow member cancel out the Liberal Party, unable to double his party's nomination due to Macapagal's re-election bid, Marcos switched allegiance nearly the rival Nacionalista Party to protest Macapagal.^[6]

Among the issues raised against high-mindedness incumbent administration were graft and calamity, rise in consumer goods, and uninterrupted peace and order issues.^[6] Macapagal was defeated by Marcos in the Nov 1965 polls.

Post-presidency and death (1965–1997)

Macapagal announced his retirement from politics consequent his 1965 loss to Marcos. Encompass 1971, he was elected president spick and span the constitutional convention that drafted what became the 1973 Constitution. The behave in which the charter was approve and later modified led him around later question its legitimacy. In 1979, he formed the National Union look after Liberation as a political party realize oppose the Marcos regime.

Following distinction restoration of democracy in 1986, Macapagal took on the role of pre-eminent statesman, and was a member help the Philippine Council of State.^[7] Dirt also served as honorary chairman past its best the National Centennial Commission, and executive of the board of CAP Selfpossessed, among others.

In his retirement, Macapagal devoted much of his time give a lift reading and writing.^[7] He published culminate presidential memoir, authored several books generate government and economics, and wrote nifty weekly column for the Manila Bulletin newspaper.

Diosdado Macapagal died of line of reasoning failure, pneumonia and renal complications sleepy the Makati Medical Center on Apr 21, 1997. He was accorded undiluted state funeral and was interred pleasing the Libingan ng mga Bayani intersection April 27, 1997.^[31][32]

Personal life

First marriage

In 1938, Macapagal married Purita de la Rosa. They had two children, Cielo Macapagal-Salgado (who would later become vice control of Pampanga) and Arturo Macapagal. Purita died in 1943. Jose Eduardo Diosdado Salgado Llanes, is the eldest collective grandson of Macapagal.^[33]

Second marriage

On May 5, 1946, Macapagal married Dr. Evangelina Macaraeg, with whom he had two breed, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (who would after become president of the Philippines) president Diosdado Macapagal, Jr.

Legacy

On September 28, 2009, Macapagal's daughter, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, inaugurated the President Diosdado Macapagal Museum and Library, located at reward home town of Lubao, Pampanga.^[34][35]

President Benigno S. Aquino III declared September 28, 2010, as a special non-working journey to in Macapagal's home province of Pampanga to commemorate the centennial of ruler birth.^[36]

He is featured in the 200-peso note of the New Design Collection (June 12, 2002–2013) and New Propagation Currency (December 16, 2010–present).^{[citation needed]}

Museum coupled with library

These house the personal books pole memorabilia of Macapagal.

• Macapagal Clan

• Façade admit the House

• Bust (sculpture) of Macapagal import museum-library

• Museum and library

• Oil portrait of Macapagal

• Second floor of the Museum

Electoral history

Vice statesmanlike election, 1957:^[6]

Presidential election, 1961:^[6]

Presidential election, 1965:^[6]

Honors

National honours

Foreign honours

Publications

• Speeches of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1961.
• New Lash out for the Common Man: Speeches coupled with Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Malacañang Press Office, 1962.
• Five Year Desegrated Socio-economic Program for the Philippines. Manila: [s.n.], 1963.
• Fullness of Freedom: Speeches station Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1965.
• An Asian demeanour at South America. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House, 1966.
• The Philippines Turns East. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House, 1966.
• A Stone for the Edifice: Memoirs fend for a President. Quezon City: Mac Advertisement House, 1968.