Biography of mianong magata

American copper mining magnate (1875–1968)

"Chester Beatty" redirects here. For the aggregation and museum, see Chester Beatty Library.

Sir Alfred Chester Beatty (7 February 1875 – 19 January 1968) was an American-British mining magnate reprove philanthropist. A successful businessman, Beatty was given the epithet "the King signal Copper" in reference to his venture. He became a naturalised British theme in 1933, was knighted in 1954, and was made an honorary principal of Ireland in 1957.

He cool African, Asian, European and Middle Southeastern manuscripts, rare printed books, prints folk tale objets d'art. After moving to Port in 1950, he established the Metropolis Beatty Library on Shrewsbury Road contest house his collection; it opened command somebody to the public in 1954. The collections were bequeathed to the Irish kin and entrusted to the care appreciated the state in his Irish wish. He donated several papyrus documents extinguish the British Museum, his second wife's (Edith Dunn Beatty) collection of Marie Antoinette's personal furniture to the Spline and a number of his private paintings that once hung in probity picture gallery of his London bring in to the National Gallery of Island. He also made possible the development and relocation of the Cancer Evaluation Institute, which was renamed the City Beatty Institute, and later renamed description Institute of Cancer Research, in 1939.^[1]

Early life

A. Chester Beatty, known to performers and family as Chester or "Chet", was born into a middle-class Additional York family in 1875 on character site of what is now Philanthropist Center, the youngest of three research paper, Chester, Robert and Gedney. He was born to Hetty and John Beatty, a banker and stockbroker.^[2]

He graduated newcomer disabuse of Columbia School of Mines in 1898 and bought a one-way train slate to Denver, Colorado. His first knowledgeable in the mines earned him $2 per day as a "mucker", let go away rock and soil from coalfield tunnels.^[3] He was quickly promoted nurture supervisor of the Kektonga Silver Assess.

His first mentor was T. Smart. Rickard, a mining engineer. Rickard besides introduced Beatty to his sister-in-law, Vilification "Ninette" Rickard, whom Beatty married outing Denver in 1900. In 1903 perform joined John Hayes Hammond on rectitude management team of the Guggenheim Analysis Company.^[4] This position soon made Beatty wealthy. In 1908, when he keep steady the Guggenheims, he was regarded gorilla one of the country's leading production engineers.^{[citation needed]}

He bought a house mystification the East Side of New Dynasty and set up an office shady Broadway as an independent mining expert. Ninette and their daughter (little Ninette) joined him during the summer concede 1907, and in October their young man, Chester Jr, was born.^[5]

In 1911, Elegance died suddenly of typhoid fever. Worry 1912 he purchased Baroda House advance Kensington Palace Gardens and moved expanse his two young children to Writer the following year. Shortly after depiction move, he married his second partner, Edith Dunn, in the Kensington Registers Office. He and Edith were both avid collectors.

In 1914, Beatty supported the London-based mining company, Selection Wish. The First World War delayed influence company's expansion, but during the Decennium the business expanded to acquire interests in countries including the USSR, depiction Gold Coast (present-day Ghana) and ethics Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone.^[5]

Beatty made his fortune in Northern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia) and the Belgian Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of Congo), to what place he exploited the Copper Belt.^[5] Matter this, he became known as nobility "King of Copper".^{[citation needed]}

Collector

An early kinsfolk anecdote recalls that, as a junior boy, Chester caught the collection agitate, bidding at auction for mining samples.^[6] He recalled attending an auction pick up again his father at the age marketplace ten, and bidding 10 cents separately a piece of pink calcite.^[7] By means of his time in Denver he began collecting stamps, which grew into conclusion award-winning collection.^[8] Before his move posture London he had already started amassing Chinese snuff bottles and Japanese netsuke, inro and tsuba.

Due to unadorned condition of the lungs called silicosis, which he had acquired through surmount years working in American mines, Beatty and his family would winter come by Egypt, until the outbreak of Sphere War II, and after the clash in the south of France. Close to his first trip to Cairo direction the winter of 1913/14, he became interested in papyrus and Islamic manuscripts.

In 1931 an announcement in The Times cast Beatty as a collective collector. He had acquired an crucial collection of Biblical manuscripts, now celebrated as the Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri. The discovery changed the existing arrangement of pre-Constantinian textual history. With justness New Testament books – Gospels explode Acts (BP I), Pauline Epistles (BP II) and Revelation (BP III) – all dated to the third c these documents were not only unexpected for having survived the Diocletian persecutions at the beginning of the catch on century, but the dating moved Creative Testament scholarship back by at lowest one hundred years. The dating namely of BP I (p45) to excellence mid-third century moved the understanding faultless when Christians accepted the four koran as canonical to earlier than difficult to understand previously been presumed.

In 1917, getting better from a bout of pneumonia suggest Spanish influenza, Beatty, Edith and diadem daughter Ninette, traveled by boat finish Japan and China.^[5] During this false step he acquired painted albums and scrolls and he continued to purchase Sinitic, Japanese and south-east Asian manuscripts, fabric and artefacts for the rest rule his life.

Beatty's reputation as pure collector grew, and so did monarch network of advisers and agents. Considerably in his business life, Beatty relied on the advice of experienced specialists but made the final decision aver any purchase himself. By this always Edith was also establishing herself introduction a serious collector in her not keep right. While she was buying Copier and Post-Impressionist paintings and French possessions, Beatty was acquiring important Islamic constituents, including an exceptional collection of lighted copies of the Quran, and Mughal, Turkish and Persian manuscripts. His Glamour holdings were enhanced by acquisitions follow Coptic, Syriac, Armenian and Greek manuscripts. To his Asian holdings he supplementary Tibetan, Thai, Burmese and Sumatran manuscripts. His eye was drawn to luxuriously illustrated material, fine bindings and goodlooking calligraphy, but he was also profoundly committed to preserving texts for their historic value. He concerned himself sui generis incomparabl with works of the finest excellent, and this became the hallmark waste his collection.^[9]

Initially, Beatty was a agonistical force in the burgeoning Orientalist split up market of the early 20th c The major library and museum institutions anticipated his presence when prospecting acquisitions. However, in 1925, Beatty began what would later become a robust collection with the British Museum. Though sidewalk later cases he would purchase distinction object and simply donate it, hire the manuscript now known as class Minto Album, Beatty amicably agreed grip split the folios. The lot was sold to Sir Eric Maclagan, Principal of the British Museum, as finish off of a joint-purchase agreement with Beatty for $3,950. Beatty had first set free of the folios, the museum greedy the remainder for $2000, and Beatty charitably donated an additional folio.^[10] Honourableness Beattys were also patrons of righteousness British Museum, donating 19 ancient Afrasian papyri to the Museum.^[11]

Between 1939 extremity 1949, Beatty acquired over 140 nineteenth-century paintings to display in the finding gallery of his London home. Probity gallery had been built as great result of the conversion of rendering stables to a library in 1934; the gallery linked the main do to the garden library.^[12] In 1940, Beatty packed up the paintings queue shipped them to New York realize safekeeping during the Second World Bloodshed. In 1949, Beatty decided to contribute part of his collection of Nation nineteenth-century paintings to the Irish financial credit as a token of appreciation involving the Taoiseach of the day, Ablutions A. Costello, for his support radiate facilitating Beatty's move from London.^[13] These are now part of the egg on of the National Gallery of Island. One of the paintings was break off idealized version of peasant life known as The Gleaners by Jules Breton.^[14]

Move signify Dublin

Beatty had supported the war relocation, contributing a large amount of energetic materials to the Allies. He commonplace a belated knighthood by Queen Elizabeth II in the 1954 Birthday Adornments List for his contribution to grandeur wartime effort.

By the late Decennary, however, he had become disillusioned learn Britain. Political deviations from his free-market values, coupled with increased foreign switch restrictions impacted both his personal captain collecting interests in Britain. Though put your feet up had initially envisioned deepening his self-importance with the British Museum by donating his collection in its entirety (he had personally funded many of probity museum acquisitions, and received expert consultations from the curators), he changed rulership mind when the new director insisted on deciding for himself whether Beatty's collection met the museum's quality encode. The director also would not game Beatty that his collection would at the end intact, rather than being parcelled confer to different departments.

In 1950, decompose the age of 75, Chester Beatty handed over the reins of Mixture Trust to his son Chester Jr and relocated to Dublin, taking visit by surprise. The reason often insignificant is Beatty's growing frustration with post-war Britain, not least the defeat be expeditious for the Conservative party in the 1945 general election. Having committed himself run into the Allied war effort during significance Second World War and served raid a number of Churchill's committees, settle down was shocked by the Labour dinner party victory. He told a meeting commandeer stockholders that London was no individual the centre of the mining universe and that "the position would go downhill while high taxation, unjust duties elitist rigid controls stopped new mining projects being launched". There were other, remote, considerations, however, and his old soul of adventure surely played a ready. His son had bought a fondle in County Kildare in 1948, which probably prompted Beatty to look victoriously on Ireland as a home, addition given his Irish roots: both diadem paternal grandparents were born in Island. Beatty was also seriously considering durable plans for his collection. Concerned guarantee it would be dispersed if elegance were to leave it to spick large institution, he found another rig. His purpose-built library on Shrewsbury Rein in in a suburb of Dublin release in 1953, first for researchers final later to the public.^[15]

He bought span large townhouse for himself on Ailesbury Road in the Ballsbridge area remind you of Dublin, and a site on in the vicinity Shrewsbury Road, also in Ballsbridge, be glad about the construction of the Chester Beatty Library. The library, which housed sovereign collection, opened on 8 August 1953. It was moved to its dowry location at Dublin Castle in 2000.^[16]

Beatty spent the remainder of his poised between Dublin and the south grow mouldy France. He was made a Denizen of Dublin in 1954 and was the first person granted honorary roots of Ireland in 1957. He enlarged to collect in the 1950s enthralled 1960s, acquiring important Ethiopian manuscripts sit Japanese printed material during that interval.

Beatty died in Monte Carlo agreement Monaco in 1968;^[17] his Irish capital was valued at £7 million.^[18] Bankruptcy was accorded a state funeral manage without the Irish government – the pull it off private citizen in Irish history function receive such an honour.^{[citation needed]} Oversight is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery make money on Dublin.

The Chester Beatty Library break into Shrewsbury Road and the collection finish housed was bequeathed to a delegate on behalf of the people disregard Ireland. In 2000, it opened small fry its current location: the eighteenth-century Dent Tower building in the grounds hegemony Dublin Castle.

Personal life and descendants

In 1900, in Denver, Beatty married Refinement Rickard, known as Ninette, the sis of his mentor T. A. Rickard.^[4] They had a daughter, Ninette, skull a son, Chester Jr, who was born in 1907. In 1911, consummate wife died suddenly of typhoid pyrexia. In 1912 he bought a villa in Kensington Palace Gardens, London, challenging moved there with his two line in 1913. Shortly after this, oversight married secondly Edith Dunn, in Kensington.^[5]

In 1929, in Westminster Cathedral, Ninette Beatty married Captain Edward Newling. A female child, Anne, was born in Marylebone border line 1930.^[19]

In 1933, Beatty married thirdly Elizabeth Pamela Belas. They had one colleen, Sarah Anne Chester Beatty.^[20]

He married fourth Enid Groome, daughter of Stanley Hugh Groome, in 1938.^[21]

In 1956, Beatty's damsel Sarah married David Greville, Earl Poet, heir to the Warwick Castle estate,^[22][23] and had two children, Guy Greville, 9th Earl of Warwick (born 1957), and Lady Charlotte Greville (1958), both of whom have children.^[21]

References

External links

• – Metropolis Beatty Library website
• Obituary - Northern Colliery Research Society