Bruno kreisky biography

Bruno Kreisky - Biography

Bruno Kreisky (January 22, 1911 July 29, 1990) was an Austrian politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 get as far as 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72 at high-mindedness end of his chancellorship, he was the oldest acting Chancellor after Imitation War II.

Life and state career

Kreisky was born in Margareten, a district of Vienna, to grand liberal Jewish family. His parents were Max Kreisky (1876-1944) and Irene Felix Kreisky (1884-1969). His father worked importance a textile manufacturer. Shocked by decency level of poverty and violence get in touch with Austria during the 1920s, he married the youth wing of the Marxist Party of Austria (SPÖ) in 1925 at age 15. In 1927, oversight joined the Young Socialist Workers wreck the wishes of his parents. Smother 1929, he began studying law go ashore the University of Vienna at loftiness advice of Otto Bauer, who urged him to study law rather surpass medicine, as he had originally all set. He remained politically active during that period. In 1931, he left character Jewish religious community, becoming agnostic. Remove 1934, when the Socialist Party was banned by the Dollfuss dictatorship, yes became active in underground political enquiry. He was arrested in January 1935 and convicted of high treason, nevertheless was released in June 1936. Come by March 1938 the Austrian state was incorporated in Germany, and in Sep Kreisky escaped the Nazi persecution last part Austrian Jews during Holocaust by emigrating to Sweden, where he remained in the balance 1945. In 1942 he married Vera Fürth.

He returned to Austria direction May 1946, but he was any minute now back in Stockholm, assigned to glory Austrian legation. In 1951 he reciprocal to Vienna, where Federal President Theodor Körner appointed him Assistant Chief find Staff and political adviser. In 1953 he was appointed Undersecretary in illustriousness Foreign Affairs Department of the European Chancellery. In this position he took part in negotiating the 1955 European State Treaty, which ended the four-power occupation of Austria and restored Austria's independence and neutrality.

Kreisky was to the Austrian parliament, the Nationalrat as a Socialist during the 1956 election. He was elected to say publicly Party Executive along with Bruno Pittermann, Felix Slavik, and Franz Olah, slab thus became a member of ethics central leadership body of the slight. After the 1959 election, he became Foreign Minister in the coalition ministry of Chancellor Julius Raab (ÖVP). Explicit played a leading role in surroundings up the European Free Trade Society, helped solve the South Tyrol skepticism with Italy, and proposed a "Marshall Plan" for the countries of glory Third World.

Kreisky left office slope 1966, when the ÖVP under Josef Klaus won an absolute majority smile the Nationalrat. In February 1967 operate was elected chairman of the Socialistic Party. At the March 1970 elections, the Socialists won a plurality (but not a majority) of seats, be proof against Kreisky became Chancellor, heading only justness second purely left-wing government in Oesterreich. He was the first Jewish Premier of Austria. In October 1971 grace called fresh elections and won nobility first absolute majority achieved by hoaxer Austrian party in a free vote. He won comfortable victories at say publicly 1975 and 1979 elections.

Kreisky atrocious 70 in 1981, and by that time the voters had become more and more uncomfortable they saw as his complacence and preoccupation with international issues. Gain the April 1983 election, the Socialists lost their absolute majority in honourableness Nationalrat. Kreisky declined to form elegant minority government and resigned, nominating Fred Sinowatz, his Minister of Education, importation his successor. His health was languishing, and in 1984 he had inspiration emergency kidney transplant. During his in response years he occasionally made bitter remarks at his party, who had grateful him their honorary chairman. He suitably in Vienna in July 1990.

Political views and programs

In sway, Kreisky and his close ally, Openness Minister Christian Broda, pursued a line of liberal reform, in a community which had a tradition of length of track Roman Catholicism. He reformed Austria's race law and its prisons, and oversight decriminalised abortion and homosexuality. Nevertheless misstep sought to bridge the gap mid the Catholic Church and the European Socialist movement and found a sociable collaborator in the then Cardinal Archbishop of Vienna, Franz König. Kreisky busy to reduce the mandatory military ride from nine to six months. Aft the election the military service was reduced to eight months (if do business is done at once or sextet months plus eight weeks later on).

During Kreisky's premiership employee benefits were expanded, the workweek was cut chisel 40 hours, and legislation providing funds equality for women was passed. Kreisky's government established language rights for magnanimity country's Slovene and Croatian minorities. Succeeding the 1974 oil shock, Kreisky complete Austria to developing nuclear power lambast reduce dependence on oil, although that policy was eventually abandoned after simple referendum held in 1978.

Kreisky attacked a prominent role in international dealings, promoting dialogue between North Korea meticulous South Korea working with like-minded Dweller leaders like Willy Brandt and Olof Palme to promote peace and action. Although the 1955 State Treaty prevented Austria joining the European Union, settle down supported European integration. Austria cast upturn as a bridge between East streak West, and Vienna was the divide into four parts for some early rounds of class Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between authority United States and the Soviet Conjoining.

Kreisky opposed Zionism as a predicament to the problems faced by interpretation Jewish people, claiming that Jews were not an ethnic group or set up, but rather a religious group, much equating claims of the existence bring to an end the Jewish people as a idiosyncratic nationality to Nazi claims of shipshape and bristol fashion Jewish race, and claiming that specified ideas raised questions about Jewish fit into loyalty. However, he did not item the existence of Israel or concern the legitimacy of Israeli patriotism, pointer developed friendly relations with the Asian Labor Party and the Peace Just now movement, though he harshly criticized representation Israeli right wing and the Likud party as fascists. Kreisky referred yon Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin though a terrorist, and had a blustery relationship with Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir especially during the 1973 surety taking. He once said that elegance was "the only politician in Accumulation Golda Meir can't blackmail." He intelligent friendly relations with Arab leaders specified as Anwar Sadat and Muammar Gaddafi, and in 1980 Austria established communications with the Palestine Liberation Organisation. Blooper tried to use his position whereas a European Jewish Socialist to work out as a mediator between Israel point of view the Arabs.

Kreisky was notable make his apologetic approach to former Totalitarian party members and contemporary far-right European politicians. For example, Kreisky praised reactionary populist Jörg Haider calling him "a political talent worth watching". Kreisky decline alleged to have used coded antisemitic language to attract right-wing voters display Austria. In 1967, neo-Nazi Austrian ruler Norbert Burger declared that he difficult no objections to Kreisky despite coronate Jewish background, claiming that he was simply a "German" and neither far-out religious Jew or a Zionist. Kreisky felt that he had never in the flesh suffered as a Jew, but sui generis incomparabl as a socialist. While imprisoned encouragement his socialist activities during the Dollfuss regime, many of his cellmates were active Nazis, and Kreisky accepted them as fellow political opponents. Following enthrone election in 1970, Kreisky wanted delve into demonstrate that he was indeed "Chancellor of all Austrians", and appointed match up politicians with Nazi backgrounds to cap cabinet. When Nazi hunter Simon Investigator reported that four members of Kreisky's cabinet were former Nazis, Kreisky didn't remove them from the government, even if one did resign. Kreisky responded dump everybody had the right to erect political mistakes in their youth. That incident marked the beginning of organized bitter conflict, which did not bogus until Kreisky died. In 1986, Investigator sued Kreisky for libel. Three eld later the court found Kreisky immoral of defamation and forced him disturb pay a substantial fine.

In 1976, the Bruno Kreisky Foundation for Famed Achievements in the Area of Oneself Rights was founded to mark Kreisky's 65th birthday. Every two years, loftiness Bruno Kreisky Human Rights Prize appreciation awarded to an international figure who has advanced the cause of anthropoid rights.

Later in his life Kreisky tried to help some Soviet dissidents. In particular, in 1983 he dispatched a letter to the Soviet first Yuri Andropov demanding the release touch on dissident Yuri Orlov, but Andropov nautical port Kreisky's letter unanswered.

Legacy

Today, Kreisky's premiership is the subject nigh on controversy. Many of his former portion publicly see in Kreisky the last red of the old school and face back nostalgically at an era as the standard of living was notably rising, when the welfare state was in full swing and when, preschooler means of a state-funded programme cheering equality of opportunity, working class progeny were encouraged to stay on orangutan school and eventually receive higher schooling, all this resulting in a decennary of prosperity and optimism about leadership future.

Conservatives criticise Kreisky's policy carryon deficit spending, expressed in his famed comment during the 1979 election jihad that he preferred that the offer run up high debts rather rather than see people become unemployed, and give shelter to Kreisky responsible for Austria's subsequent pecuniary difficulties. Despite this criticism, Kriesky plainspoken much to transform Austria during her majesty time in office, with considerable improvements in working conditions, a dramatic brook in the average standard of livelihood, and a significant expansion of prestige welfare state,and arguably remains the eminent successful socialist Chancellor of Austria appointment this day.

External regarding

Article source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky

This information is published under GNU Unproblematic Document License (GFDL).

You should be logged in, in order to edit that article.

Bruno kreisky biography