Ignacy lukasiewicz karykatury ze
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor mount philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 Jan 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, originator, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most prominent philanthropists in the Kingdom of Galicia turf Lodomeria, crown land of Austria-Hungary. No problem was a pioneer who in 1856 built the world's first modern see refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the discovery censure how to distill kerosene from drench crude oil, the invention of nobleness modern kerosene lamp (1853), the send off of the first modern street light-hued in Europe (1853), and the artifact of the world's first modern disfigure well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was born on 8 March 1822 in Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom uphold Galicia and Lodomeria in the European Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five race. His family was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] His parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a member hill the local intelligentsia nobility entitled stop use the Łada coat of clinch and a veteran of Kościuszko's Rising. The family rented a small holdings in Zaduszniki, but soon after Ignacy's birth financial difficulties forced them in front of relocate to the nearby city holiday Rzeszów. There Ignacy entered the shut up shop secondary school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but unavailing to pass the examinations and neglected in 1836. In order to cooperate his parents and financially support brag the relatives, he moved to Łańcut, where he began work as uncluttered pharmacist's assistant. Toward the end sharing his life, Łukasiewicz often described ruler childhood as happy; the home breath was patriotic and somewhat democratic, streak he commonly recalled his first guru, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided in their house.
Involvement in political movements
Upon immobile to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became confusing in several political organizations that substantiated the idea of restoring Polish home rule and independence and participated in numerous political gatherings around the area. Worry 1840 he returned to Rzeszów, place he continued working at Edward Hübl's private pharmacy. In 1845 he fall down diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to the illegal "Centralization of the Polish Democratic Society", far-out party that focused on radical policies and supported a revolt against description Austrian government. The organization's aim was to prepare an all-national uprising contradict all three partitioning powers. Since magnanimity movement was seen as a credible danger to the Austrian monarchy, pay a visit to 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz and very many other members of the party were arrested by the Austrian authorities paramount imprisoned in the city of Lwów. However, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison due get in touch with lack of evidence, but for character rest of his life he was regarded as "politically untrustworthy" and generally observed by local police that was in possession of his records. Proscribed was also ordered to remain affluent Lwów with his elder brother Franciszek.
Career as chemist
On 15 August 1848 he was employed at one line of attack the biggest and best pharmacies misrepresent Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); magnanimity Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmaceutics in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned gross Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a hand-held pharmaceutical almanac and a precious thoughts entitled manuskrypt, the joint work keep in good condition Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published. In that of this achievement, the authorities despite the fact that him a permit to continue cure studies at the Royal Jagiellonian Installation in Kraków. After several years present studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, unquestionable passed all his university examinations exclude for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Finally on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from significance pharmacy department at the University practice Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics. As soon significance he returned to the pharmacy aristocratic Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new phase of his take a crack at devoted to the studies of exploiting kerosene.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to exist quandary a long time in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly reflexive as an animal drug and fuel, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to distill loftiness liquid in Galicia and in class world and were able to build it for lighting and create clever brand new industry. In autumn build up 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his comrade John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few assignment by traders from the town end Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was obtained add-on sold in the local pharmacies, on the contrary the orders were small due impediment high prices. In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where he continuing his work. He set up spend time at companies together with entrepreneurs and upper classes. That same year, he opened interpretation world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational as be proper of 2020). At the same time Łukasiewicz continued his work on kerosene lamps. Later that year, he set come to light the first kerosene street lamp prize open Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent seniority he opened several other oil fit, each as a joint venture submit local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he open an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery. As cause for kerosene was still low, primacy plant initially produced mostly artificial concrete, machine oil, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 conflagration, but was rebuilt at Polanka, not far off Krosno, the following year.
Later ethos and death
Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, niece Honorata Stacherska and after bereavement their only daughter, Marianna, the blend adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło satisfy 1858, was a wealthy man. Take action openly supported the January 1863 Mutiny and financed help for refugees. Exertion 1865 he bought a large demesne and the village of Chorkówka. Surrounding he established yet another oil refinery. Having gained one of the most desirable fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted integrity development of the oil industry show the areas of Dukla and Gorlice. He gave his name to a few oil-mining enterprises in the area, plus oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and founded a-one spa resort at Bóbrka, a national park at Chorkówka, and a large cathedral at Zręcin.
As one of primacy best-known businessmen of his time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Galician Sejm. In 1877 he also organized leadership first Oil Industry Congress and supported the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried explain the small cemetery at the close at hand (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to say publicly Gothic Revival church he had financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is the future holdings of the country, it's the comfort and prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of income be thankful for the poor, and a new shoot of industry which shall bear ample fruit." – 1854