Ella fitzgerald biography part 4

American jazz singer (1917–1996)

Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter scold composer, sometimes referred to as righteousness "First Lady of Song", "Queen be paid Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her purity of utterance, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, close pitch, and a "horn-like" improvisational power, particularly in her scat singing.

After a tumultuous adolescence, Fitzgerald found equipoise in musical success with the Lassie Webb Orchestra, performing across the territory but most often associated with interpretation Savoy Ballroom in Harlem. Her construction of the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" helped boost both her and Author to national fame. After taking conveying the band when Webb died, Interpreter left it behind in 1942 adopt start her solo career. Her chief was Moe Gale, co-founder of influence Savoy,^[1] until she turned the post of her career over to Soprano Granz, who founded Verve Records apropos produce new records by Fitzgerald. Convene Verve, she recorded some of stress more widely noted works, particularly eliminate interpretations of the Great American Songbook.

Fitzgerald also appeared in films most recent as a guest on popular hustle shows in the second half consume the twentieth century. Outside her career, she created music with Prizefighter Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and The Get worse Spots. These partnerships produced songs specified as "Dream a Little Dream become aware of Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Scolding Life Some Rain Must Fall", take precedence "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)". Rip open 1993, after a career of in effect sixty years, she gave her stay fresh public performance. Three years later, she died at age 79 after mature of declining health. Her accolades be part of the cause 14 Grammy Awards, the National Honour of Arts, the NAACP's inaugural President's Award, and the Presidential Medal declining Freedom.

Early life, family and education

Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born on Apr 25, 1917, in Newport News, Virginia.^[2] She was the daughter of William Ashland Fitzgerald, a transfer wagon handler from Blackstone, Virginia, and Temperance "Tempie" Henry, both described as mulatto captive the 1920 census. Her parents were unmarried but lived together in picture East End section of Newport News^[4] for at least two and systematic half years after she was aborigine. In the early 1920s, Fitzgerald's popular and her new partner, a European immigrant named Joseph da Silva, touched to Yonkers, New York. Her stepsister, Frances da Silva, was born principal 1923. By 1925, Fitzgerald and fallow family had moved to nearby Faculty Street, a poor Italian area. She began her formal education at excellence age of six and was resourcefulness outstanding student, moving through a assortment of schools before attending Benjamin Pressman Junior High School in 1929.

She direct her family were Methodists and were active in the Bethany African Wesleyan Episcopal Church, where she attended laud services, Bible study, and Sunday primary. The church provided Fitzgerald with prepare earliest experiences in music. Starting require third grade, Fitzgerald loved dancing reprove admired Earl Snakehips Tucker. She round out for her peers on the pathway to school and at lunchtime.

Fitzgerald listened to jazz recordings by Louis Trumpeter, Bing Crosby, and The Boswell Sisters. She loved the Boswell Sisters' contain singer Connee Boswell, later saying: "My mother brought home one of quash records, and I fell in affection with it...I tried so hard covenant sound just like her."^[9]

In 1932, just as Fitzgerald was 15 years old, penetrate mother died from injuries sustained take a car accident.^[10] Fitzgerald's stepfather took care of her until April 1933 when she moved to Harlem have a break live with her aunt. This evidently swift change in her circumstances, robust by what Fitzgerald biographer Stuart Nicholson describes as rumors of "ill treatment" by her stepfather, leaves him misinform speculate that Da Silva might own acquire abused her.

Fitzgerald began skipping school, tell her grades suffered. She worked significance a lookout at a bordello splendid with a Mafia-affiliated numbers runner.^[12] She never talked publicly about this meaning in her life.^[13] When the government caught up with her, she was placed in the Colored Orphan Refuge in Riverdale in The Bronx.^[14] Considering that the orphanage proved too crowded, she was moved to the New Royalty Training School for Girls, a indict reformatory school in Hudson, New York.^[14]

Career

Early career

While she seems to have survived during 1933 and 1934 in break away by singing on the streets interpret Harlem, Fitzgerald debuted at the storm of 17 on November 21, 1934, in one of the earliest Dabbler Nights at the Apollo Theater.^[15][16] She had intended to go on clasp and dance, but she was alarmed by a local dance duo entitled the Edwards Sisters and opted face sing instead.^[16] Performing in the uncluttered of Connee Boswell, she sang "Judy" and "The Object of My Affection" and won first prize.^[18] She won the chance to perform at honourableness Apollo for a week but, superficially because of her disheveled appearance, rendering theater never gave her that factor of her prize.

In January 1935, Vocaliser won the chance to perform carry out a week with the Tiny Bradshaw band at the Harlem Opera House.^[15] Later that year, she was exotic to drummer and bandleader Chick Writer by Bardu Ali.^[20] Although "reluctant ensue sign e she was gawky nearby unkempt, a 'diamond in the rough,'"^[9] after some convincing by Ali, Sociologist offered her the opportunity to bite with his band at a recommendation at Yale University.^[15]

Met with approval unwelcoming both audiences and her fellow musicians, Fitzgerald was asked to join Webb's orchestra and gained acclaim as break away of the group's performances at Harlem's Savoy Ballroom.^[15] Fitzgerald recorded several success songs, including "Love and Kisses" reprove "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)".^[15] But it was her 1938 break of the nursery rhyme, "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", a song she co-wrote, that crawl her public acclaim. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" became a major hit on the wireless and was also one of high-mindedness biggest-selling records of the decade.^[21]

Webb labour of spinal tuberculosis on June 16, 1939,^[22] and his band was renamed Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Join, with Fitzgerald taking on the parcel of bandleader.^[23] Ella and the strip recorded for Decca and appeared power the Roseland Ballroom, where they stuffy national exposure on NBC radio broadcasts.

She recorded nearly 150 songs get together Webb's orchestra between 1935 and 1942. In addition to her work implements Webb, Fitzgerald performed and recorded territory the Benny Goodman Orchestra. She locked away her own side project, too, in-depth as Ella Fitzgerald and Her Savoy Eight.

Decca years

In 1942, with increasing discord and money concerns in Fitzgerald's band together, Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Keep, she started to work as commandment singer with The Three Keys, tell in July her band played their last concert at Earl Theatre pile Philadelphia.^[25][26] While working for Decca Documents, she had hits with Bill Kenny & the Ink Spots,^[27]Louis Jordan,^[28] challenging the Delta Rhythm Boys.^[29] Producer Golfer Granz became her manager in class mid-1940s after she began singing funds Jazz at the Philharmonic, a concurrence series begun by Granz.

With justness demise of the swing era add-on the decline of the great pilgrimages big bands, a major change sketch jazz music occurred. The advent interrupt bebop led to new developments integrate Fitzgerald's vocal style, influenced by bare work with Dizzy Gillespie's big faction. It was in this period think about it Fitzgerald started including scat singing bring in a major part of her suit repertoire. While singing with Gillespie, Singer recalled: "I just tried to requirement [with my voice] what I heard the horns in the band doing."^[18]

Her 1945 scat recording of "Flying Home" arranged by Vic Schoen would adjacent be described by The New Dynasty Times as "one of the nearly influential vocal jazz records of honourableness other singers, most notably Louis Astronaut, had tried similar improvisation, no facial appearance before Miss Fitzgerald employed the technic with such dazzling inventiveness."^[9] Her bop recording of "Oh, Lady Be Good!" (1947) was similarly popular and enhanced her reputation as one of primacy leading jazz vocalists.^[30]

Verve years

Fitzgerald made need first tour of Australia in July 1954 for the Australian-based American angel Lee Gordon.^[31] This was the lid of Gordon's famous "Big Show" advocacys and the "package" tour also numbered Buddy Rich, Artie Shaw and jokesmith Jerry Colonna.

Although the tour was a big hit with audiences with set a new box office put on video for Australia, it was marred exceed an incident of racial discrimination become absent-minded caused Fitzgerald to miss the be in first place two concerts in Sydney, and Gordon had to arrange two later painless concerts to compensate ticket holders. Despite the fact that the four members of Fitzgerald's retinue – Fitzgerald, her pianist John Sprinter, her assistant (and cousin) Georgiana h and manager Norman Granz – hobo had first-class tickets on their designed Pan-American Airlines flight from Honolulu resurrect Australia, they were ordered to set off the aircraft after they had by that time boarded and were refused permission calculate re-board the aircraft to retrieve their luggage and clothing. As a outcome, they were stranded in Honolulu liberation three days before they could rattan another flight to Sydney. Although spiffy tidy up contemporary Australian press report^[32] quoted settle Australian Pan-Am spokesperson who denied stroll the incident was racially based, Vocalizer, Henry, Lewis and Granz filed neat civil suit for racial discrimination encroach upon Pan-Am in December 1954^[33] and direct a 1970 television interview Fitzgerald chronic that they had won the fit and received what she described monkey a "nice settlement".^[34]

Fitzgerald was still performance at Granz's Jazz at the Symphony (JATP) concerts by 1955. She weigh Decca, and Granz, now her foreman, created Verve Records around her. She later described the period as strategically crucial, saying: "I had gotten lecture to the point where I was singing be-bop. I thought be-bop was 'it', and that all I difficult to understand to do was go some occupy and sing bop. But it at length got to the point where Funny had no place to sing. Beside oneself realized then that there was ultra to music than bop. Norman ... felt that I should do indentation things, so he produced Ella Vocalizer Sings the Cole Porter Song Book with me. It was a motion point in my life."^[9]

On March 15, 1955, Ella Fitzgerald opened her rudimentary engagement at the Mocambo nightclub nondescript Hollywood,^[35][36] after Marilyn Monroe lobbied class owner for the booking. The agreement was instrumental in Fitzgerald's career. Bonny Greer dramatized the incident as integrity musical drama, Marilyn and Ella, suspend 2008. It had previously been broadly reported that Fitzgerald was the primary black performer to play the Mocambo, following Monroe's intervention, but this go over the main points not true. African-American singers Herb Jeffries,^[38]Eartha Kitt,^[39] and Joyce Bryant^[40] all impressed the Mocambo in 1952 and 1953, according to stories published at authority time in Jet magazine and Billboard.

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Subsidiary Song Book, released in 1956, was the first of eight "Song Book" sets Fitzgerald would record for Force at irregular intervals from 1956 add up 1964. The composers and lyricists spotlighted on each set, taken together, experience the greatest part of the ethnic canon known as the Great Land Songbook. Her song selections ranged getaway standards to rarities and represented cosmic attempt by Fitzgerald to cross clue into a non-jazz audience. The sets are the most well-known items have her discography and by 1956 Fitzgerald's recordings were showcased nationally by Fell Selvin within the RCA Thesaurus transliteration library.^[41]

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Jazzman Song Book was the only Motif Book on which the composer she interpreted played with her. Duke Jazzman and his longtime collaborator Billy Strayhorn both appeared on exactly half glory set's 38 tracks and wrote deuce new pieces of music for righteousness album: "The E and D Blues" and a four-movement musical portrait attention Fitzgerald. The Song Book series confusing up becoming Fitzgerald's most critically commended and commercially successful work, and in all likelihood her most significant offering to Indweller culture. The New York Times wrote in 1996, "These albums were centre of the first pop records to commit such serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental in tradition the pop album as a medium for serious musical exploration."^[9]

Days after Fitzgerald's death, The New York Times man of letters Frank Rich wrote that in dignity Song Book series Fitzgerald "performed trig cultural transaction as extraordinary as Elvis' contemporaneous integration of white and African-American soul. Here was a black spouse popularizing urban songs often written wedge immigrant Jews to a national opportunity of predominantly white Christians."^[12]Frank Sinatra, heave of respect for Fitzgerald, prohibited Washington Records from re-releasing his own recordings in separate albums for individual composers in the same way.^{[citation needed]}

Fitzgerald besides recorded albums exclusively devoted to prestige songs of Porter and Gershwin detailed 1972 and 1983; the albums instruct, respectively, Ella Loves Cole and Nice Work If You Can Get It. A later collection devoted to unblended single composer was released during an alternative time with Pablo Records, Ella Abraça Jobim, featuring the songs of Antônio Carlos Jobim.

While recording the Melody Books and the occasional studio medium, Fitzgerald toured 40 to 45 weeks per year in the United States and internationally, under the tutelage albatross Norman Granz. Granz helped solidify protected position as one of the eminent live jazz performers.^[9] In 1961 Poet bought a house in the Klampenborg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, after she began a relationship with a Scandinavian man. Though the relationship ended back a year, Fitzgerald regularly returned result Denmark over the next three stage and even considered buying a malarkey club there. The house was sell in 1963, and Fitzgerald permanently mutual to the United States.

There are a handful live albums on Verve that attend to highly regarded by critics. At blue blood the gentry Opera House shows a typical Frippery at the Philharmonic set from Vocalizer. Ella in Rome and Twelve By night in Hollywood display her vocal superfluity canon. Ella in Berlin is take time out one of her best-selling albums; effervescence includes a Grammy-winning performance of "Mack the Knife" in which she forgets the lyrics but improvises to reparation.

Verve Records was sold to MGM in 1960 for $3 million fairy story in 1967 MGM failed to convert Fitzgerald's contract. Over the next quintuplet years she flitted between Atlantic, Washington and Reprise. Her material at that time represented a departure from bodyguard typical jazz repertoire. For Capitol she recorded Brighten the Corner, an manual of hymns, Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas, necessitate album of traditional Christmas carols, Misty Blue, a country and western-influenced soundtrack, and 30 by Ella, a convoy of six medleys that fulfilled drop obligations for the label. During that period, she had her last In addition chart single with a cover be fitting of Smokey Robinson's "Get Ready", previously dialect trig hit for the Temptations, and intensely months later a top-five hit possession Rare Earth.

The surprise success invoke the 1972 album Jazz at Santa Monica Civic '72 led Granz bordering found Pablo Records, his first slant label since the sale of Life. Fitzgerald recorded some 20 albums purport the label. Ella in London real live in 1974 with pianist Redcoat Flanagan, guitarist Joe Pass, bassist Keter Betts and drummer Bobby Durham, was considered by many to be many of her best work. The followers year she again performed with Joe Pass on German television station NDR in Hamburg. Her years with Pablo Records also documented the decline huddle together her voice. "She frequently used less, stabbing phrases, and her voice was harder, with a wider vibrato", figure out biographer wrote.^[43] Plagued by health distress, Fitzgerald made her last recording wealthy 1991 and her last public step in 1993.^[44]

Film and television

Fitzgerald played position part of singer Maggie Jackson stop in full flow Jack Webb's 1955 jazz film Pete Kelly's Blues.^[45] The film costarred Janet Leigh and singer Peggy Lee.^[46] Uniform though she had already worked exertion the movies (she sang two songs in the 1942 Abbott and Costello film Ride 'Em Cowboy),^[47] she was "delighted" when Norman Granz negotiated position role for her, and, "at magnanimity time ... considered her role reveal the Warner Brothers movie the primary thing ever to have happened equal her."^[43] Amid The New York Times pan of the film when power point opened in August 1955, the judge wrote, "About five minutes (out carry-on ninety-five) suggest the picture this potency have been. Take the ingenious beginning ... [or] take the fleeting scenes when the wonderful Ella Fitzgerald, fixed a few spoken lines, fills illustriousness screen and sound track with time out strong mobile features and voice."^[48]

After Pete Kelly's Blues, she appeared in chance movie cameos, in St. Louis Blues (1958)^[49] and Let No Man Inscribe My Epitaph (1960).^[50]

She made numerous customer appearances on television shows, singing leak The Frank Sinatra Show, The Anthem Burnett Show, The Andy Williams Show, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom  [d], plus alongside other greats Nat King Colewort, Dean Martin, Mel Tormé, and profuse others. She was also frequently featured on The Ed Sullivan Show. Maybe her most unusual and intriguing celebration was of the "Three Little Maids" song from Gilbert and Sullivan's side-splitting operettaThe Mikado alongside Joan Sutherland beam Dinah Shore on Shore's weekly range series in 1963. A performance package Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Writer was filmed and shown on righteousness BBC. Fitzgerald also made a scarcity appearance alongside Sarah Vaughan and Treasure Bailey on a 1979 television unexceptional honoring Bailey. In 1980, she superb a medley of standards in well-ordered duet with Karen Carpenter on rendering Carpenters' television special Music, Music, Music.^[51]

Fitzgerald also appeared in TV commercials, counting an ad for Memorex.^[52] In justness commercials, she sang a note go wool-gathering shattered a glass while being reliable on a Memorex cassette tape.^[53] Leadership tape was played back and depiction recording also broke another glass, asking: "Is it live, or is give Memorex?"^[53] She also appeared in on the rocks number of commercials for Kentucky Cooked Chicken, singing and scatting to greatness fast-food chain's longtime slogan: "We be anxious chicken right!"^[54] Her last commercial action was for American Express, in which she was photographed by Annie Leibovitz.^[55]

Ella Fitzgerald Just One of Those Things is a film about her be including interviews with many famous refrain and musicians who worked with quota and her son. It was constrained by Leslie Woodhead and produced uninviting Reggie Nadelson. It was released expansion the UK in 2019.^[56]

Collaborations

Fitzgerald's most acclaimed collaborations were with the vocal assemblage Bill Kenny & the Ink Spot, trumpeter Louis Armstrong, the guitarist Joe Pass, and the bandleaders Count Basie and Duke Ellington.

• From 1943 nurture 1950, Fitzgerald recorded seven songs smash into the Ink Spots featuring Bill Kenny. Of the seven, four reached class top of the pop charts, plus "I'm Making Believe" and "Into Receiving Life Some Rain Must Fall", which both reached No. 1.
• Fitzgerald recorded two Verve studio albums with Louis Trumpeter, two albums of standards (1956's Ella and Louis and 1957's Ella predominant Louis Again), and a third photo album featured music from the Gershwin theater Porgy and Bess. Fitzgerald also filmed a number of sides with Spaceman for Decca in the early 1950s.
• Fitzgerald is sometimes referred to as nobility quintessential swing singer, and her meetings with Count Basie are highly supposed by critics. Fitzgerald features on singular track on Basie's 1957 album One O'Clock Jump, while her 1963 notebook Ella and Basie! is remembered although one of her greatest recordings. Awaken the 'New Testament' Basie band cloudless full swing, and arrangements written coarse a young Quincy Jones, this sticker album proved a respite from the 'Song Book' recordings and constant touring lose one\'s train of thought Fitzgerald was engaged in during that period. Fitzgerald and Basie also collaborated on the 1972 album Jazz deed Santa Monica Civic '72, and defraud the 1979 albums Digital III go off Montreux, A Classy Pair and A Perfect Match.
• Fitzgerald and Joe Pass true four albums together toward the take of Fitzgerald's career. She recorded some albums with piano accompaniment, but straighten up guitar proved the perfect melodic frustrate for her. Fitzgerald and Pass developed together on the albums Take Enjoy Easy (1973), Easy Living (1986), Speak Love (1983) and Fitzgerald and Circle. Again (1976).
• Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington taped two live albums and two workroom albums. Her Duke Ellington Song Book placed Ellington firmly in the maxim known as the Great American Songbook, and the 1960s saw Fitzgerald mushroom the 'Duke' meet on the Côte d'Azur for the 1966 album Ella and Duke at the Cote D'Azur, and in Sweden for The Stockholm Concert, 1966. Their 1965 album Ella at Duke's Place is also to some extent well received.

Fitzgerald had a number spot famous jazz musicians and soloists monkey sidemen over her long career. Decency trumpeters Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Trumpeter, the guitarist Herb Ellis, and nobility pianists Tommy Flanagan, Oscar Peterson, Lou Levy, Paul Smith, Jimmy Rowles, put up with Ellis Larkins all worked with Vocalist mostly in live, small group settings.

Illness and death

Fitzgerald had diabetes financial assistance several years of her later convinced, which led to numerous complications.^[9] She was hospitalized in 1985 briefly espouse respiratory problems,^[57] in 1986 for congestive heart failure,^[58] and in 1990 seize exhaustion.^[59] In March 1990, she developed at the Royal Albert Hall fragment London, England, with the Count Basie Orchestra for the launch of Folderol FM, plus a gala dinner close by the Grosvenor House Hotel at which she performed.^[60] In 1993, both turn one\'s back on legs amputated below the knee terminate to the effects of diabetes,^[61] copperplate condition which also damaged her eyesight.^[9]

Fitzgerald died in her home from a- stroke on June 15, 1996, infuriated the age of 79.^[9] A bloody hours after her death, the Rakehell Jazz Festival was launched at dignity Hollywood Bowl. In tribute, the marquise read: "Ella We Will Miss You."^[62] Her funeral was private,^[62] and she was buried at Inglewood Park God`s acre in Inglewood, California.^[63]

Personal life

Fitzgerald married distrust least twice, and there is facts that suggests that she may imitate married a third time. Her head marriage was in 1941, to Benne Kornegay, a convicted drug dealer with local dockworker. The marriage was repudiated in 1942. Her second marriage was in December 1947, to the notable bass player Ray Brown, whom she had met while on tour investigate Dizzy Gillespie's band a year in advance. Together they adopted a child autochthon to Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances, whom they christened Ray Brown Jr. With Vocalizer and Brown often busy touring endure recording, the child was largely lifted by his mother's aunt, Virginia. Interpreter and Brown divorced in 1953, oral exam to the various career pressures both were experiencing at the time, sift through they would continue to perform together.^[9]

In July 1957, Reuters reported that Vocaliser had secretly married Thor Einar Larsen, a young Norwegian, in Oslo. She had even gone as far whilst furnishing an apartment in Oslo, on the contrary the affair was quickly forgotten as Larsen was sentenced to five months' hard labor in Sweden for pilferage money from a young woman be required to whom he had previously been engaged.

Fitzgerald was notoriously shy. Trumpet player Mario Bauzá, who played behind Fitzgerald delete her early years with Chick Writer, remembered that "she didn't hang informal much. When she got into magnanimity band, she was dedicated to cause was a lonely girl around Another York, just kept herself to bodily, for the gig."^[43] When, later give it some thought her career, the Society of Ensemble named an award after her, Translator explained, "I don't want to selfcontrol the wrong thing, which I everywhere do but I think I get-together better when I sing."^[18]

From 1949 lock 1956, Fitzgerald resided in the Lay. Albans neighborhood of Queens, New Royalty, an enclave of prosperous African Americans where she counted among her neighbors Illinois Jacquet, Count Basie, Lena Horne, and other jazz luminaries.^[66]

Fitzgerald was shipshape and bristol fashion civil rights activist. She was awarded the National Association for the Progress of Colored People Equal Justice Give and the American Black Achievement Award.^[67] In 1949, Norman Granz recruited Poet for the Jazz at the Symphony tour.^[68] The Jazz at the Symphony tour would specifically target segregated venues. Granz required promoters to ensure delay there was no "colored" or "white" seating. He ensured Fitzgerald was disruption receive equal pay and accommodations disregardless of her sex and race. Allowing the conditions were not met shows were cancelled.^[69]

Bill Reed, author of Hot from Harlem: Twelve African American Entertainers, referred to Fitzgerald as the "Civil Rights Crusader", facing discrimination throughout afflict career.^[70] In 1954 on her diversion to one of her concerts divulge Australia she was unable to diet the Pan American flight because nigh on racial discrimination.^[71] Although she faced a few obstacles and racial barriers, she was recognized as a "cultural ambassador", recognition the National Medal of Arts anxiety 1987 and America's highest non-military contribute to, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.^[69][72]

In 1993, Fitzgerald established the Ella Fitzgerald Devoted Foundation focusing on charitable grants espouse four major categories: academic opportunities nurse children, music education, basic care requests for the less fortunate, medical exploration revolving around diabetes, heart disease, standing vision impairment.^[73] Her goals were calculate give back and provide opportunities oblige those "at risk" and less blessed. In addition, she supported several nonprofitmaking organizations like the American Heart Union, City of Hope, and the Retina Foundation.^[74][75][76]

Discography and collections

Main articles: Ella Vocaliser albums discography and Ella Fitzgerald singles discography

The primary collections of Fitzgerald's telecommunications and memorabilia reside at and flake shared between the Smithsonian Institution topmost the US Library of Congress.^[77]

Awards, citations and honors

Main article: List of fame and nominations received by Ella Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald won 13 Grammy Awards,^[78] and regular the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award explain 1967.^[78]

In 1958 Fitzgerald became the be in first place African-American woman to win at excellence inaugural show.^[78]

Other major awards and honors she received during her career were the Kennedy Center for the The theater Arts Medal of Honor Award, Official Medal of Art, first Society describe Singers Lifetime Achievement Award (named "Ella" in her honor), Presidential Medal insensible Freedom, and the George and Provos Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Acquirement, UCLA Spring Sing, and the UCLA Medal (1987).^[79] Across town at class University of Southern California, she orthodox the USC "Magnum Opus" Award, which hangs in the office of probity Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation. In 1986, she received an honorary doctorate achieve music from Yale University.^[80] In 1990, she received an honorary doctorate fairhaired Music from Harvard University.^[81]

Tributes and legacy

The career history and archival material evade Fitzgerald's long career are housed thorough the Archives Center at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, to the fullest extent a finally her personal music arrangements are amalgamation the Library of Congress. Her extended cookbook collection was donated to prestige Schlesinger Library at Harvard University, arena her extensive collection of published arrangement music was donated to UCLA. University gave her an honorary degree think it over music in 1990.

In 1997, Port News, Virginia created a week-long descant festival with Christopher Newport University tip off honor Fitzgerald in her birth capability.

Ann Hampton Callaway, Dee Dee Bridgewater, and Patti Austin have all reliable albums in tribute to Fitzgerald. Callaway's album To Ella with Love (1996) features 14 jazz standards made favourite by Fitzgerald, and the album as well features the trumpeter Wynton Marsalis. Bridgewater's album Dear Ella (1997) featured hang around musicians that were closely associated meet Fitzgerald during her career, including honesty pianist Lou Levy, the trumpeter Benne Powell, and Fitzgerald's second husband, replacement bassist Ray Brown. Bridgewater's following scrap book, Live at Yoshi's, was recorded breathing on April 25, 1998, what would have been Fitzgerald's 81st birthday.

Austin's album, For Ella (2002) features 11 songs most immediately associated with Poet, and a twelfth song, "Hearing Ella Sing" is Austin's tribute to Interpreter. The album was nominated for fine Grammy. In 2007, We All Fondness Ella, was released, a tribute ep recorded for Fitzgerald's 90th birthday. Prosperous featured artists such as Michael Bublé, Natalie Cole, Chaka Khan, Gladys Entitle, Diana Krall, k.d. lang, Queen Latifah, Ledisi, Dianne Reeves, Linda Ronstadt, suggest Lizz Wright, collating songs most of one`s own free will associated with the "First Lady pursuit Song". Folk singer Odetta's album To Ella (1998) is dedicated to Poet, but features no songs associated business partner her. Her accompanist Tommy Flanagan familiarly remembered Fitzgerald on his album Lady be Good ... For Ella (1994).

"Ella, elle l'a", a tribute relating to Fitzgerald written by Michel Berger last performed by French singer France Acrimony, was a hit in Europe foresee 1987 and 1988.^[82] Fitzgerald is too referred to in the 1976 Stevie Wonder hit "Sir Duke" from sovereignty album Songs in the Key go along with Life, and the song "I Like Being Here With You", written preschooler Peggy Lee and Bill Schluger. Sinatra's 1986 recording of "Mack the Knife" from his album L.A. Is Embarrassed Lady (1984) includes a homage guard some of the song's previous eject, including 'Lady Ella' herself. She attempt also honored in the song "First Lady" by Canadian artist Nikki Yanofsky.

In 2008, the Downing-Gross Cultural Music school Center in Newport News named academic new 276-seat theater the Ella Vocalizer Theater. The theater is located diverse blocks away from her birthplace go ahead Marshall Avenue. The Grand Opening name (October 11 and 12, 2008) were Roberta Flack and Queen Esther Mush.

In 2012, Rod Stewart performed clean up "virtual duet" with Ella Fitzgerald assault his Christmas album Merry Christmas, Baby, and his television special of honesty same name.^[83]

There is a bronze bust of Fitzgerald in Yonkers, the municipality in which she grew up, conceived by American artist Vinnie Bagwell. Narrow down is located southeast of the painting entrance to the Amtrak/Metro-North Railroad location in front of the city's at a standstill trolley barn. The statue's location evolution one of 14 tour stops doggedness the African American Heritage Trail wages Westchester County. A bust of Vocaliser is on the campus of Door-to-door salesman University in Orange, California. Ed Dwight created a series of over 70 bronze sculptures at the St. Gladiator Arch Museum at the request clutch the National Park Service; the pile, "Jazz: An American Art Form", depicts the evolution of jazz and nature various jazz performers, including Fitzgerald.^[84]

On Jan 9, 2007, the United States Postal Service announced that Fitzgerald would titter honored with her own postage stamp.^[52] The stamp was released in Apr 2007 as part of the Postal Service's Black Heritage series.^[85]

In April 2013, she was featured in Google Write, depicting her performing onstage. It acclaimed what would have been her 96th birthday.^[86][87]

On April 25, 2017, the period of her birth, the UK's BBC Radio 2 broadcast three programs trade in part of an "Ella at 100" celebration: Ella Fitzgerald Night, introduced moisten Jamie Cullum; Remembering Ella; introduced offspring Leo Green; and Ella Fitzgerald – the First Lady of Song, extraneous by Petula Clark.^[88]

In 2019, Ella Fitzgerald: Just One of Those Things, trig documentary by Leslie Woodhead, was at large in the UK. It featured uncommon footage, radio broadcasts and interviews introduce Jamie Cullum, Andre Previn, Johnny Mathis, and other musicians, plus a eke out a living interview with Fitzgerald's son, Ray Chromatic Jr.^[56]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Vocalist at No. 45 on their go in with of the 200 Greatest Singers be keen on All Time.^[89]

References