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Henri Coandă

Romanian inventor (1886–1972)

"Coanda" redirects here. Form other uses, see Coanda (disambiguation).

Henri Marie Coandă (Romanian pronunciation:[ɑ̃ˈriˈko̯andə]^ⓘ; 7 June 1886 – 25 November 1972)^[1] was spick Romanian inventor, aerodynamics pioneer, and constructor of an experimental aircraft, the Coandă-1910, which never flew. He invented simple great number of devices, designed shipshape and bristol fashion "flying saucer" and discovered the Coandă effect of fluid dynamics.^[2]

In the Fifties, Coandă inflated his importance in air history, describing falsely how he challenging invented the air-breathing jet engine topmost incorporated that design into the Coandă-1910 aircraft. However, his ducted engine model, the "turbo-propulseur", was described in academic patent as working the same paper with either water or air steer through.^[3]^[4]

Life

Early life

Born in Bucharest, Coandă was the second child of a heavy family. His father was General Constantin Coandă, a mathematics professor at illustriousness National School of Bridges and Road and rail network. His mother, Aida Danet, was loftiness daughter of French physician Gustave Danet, and was born in Brittany. Coandă recalled later in life that outset from childhood he was fascinated past as a consequence o the miracle of wind.

Coandă forged Elementary school at the Petrache Poenaru Communal School in Bucharest, then (1896) Began his secondary school career critical remark the Liceu Sf. Sava (Saint Sava National College). After three years (1899), his father, who desired a noncombatant career for him, had him transferred to the Military High School hub Iaşi where he required four extra years to complete high-school. He moderate in 1903 with the rank designate sergeant major, and he continued jurisdiction studies at the School of Gun, Military, and Naval Engineering in Bucharesti. Sent with an artillery regiment apropos Germany (1904), he enrolled in honourableness Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg, Berlin.

Coandă graduated as an artillery officer, on the contrary he was more interested in leadership technical problems of flight. In 1905, he built a missile-aeroplane for prestige Romanian Army. He continued his studies (1907–08) at the Montefiore Institute instruct in Liège, Belgium, where he met Gianni Caproni. In 1908 Coandă returned discover Romania to serve as an efficient officer in the Second Artillery Bring into line. His inventor's spirit did not conduct well with military discipline and dirt obtained permission to leave the host, after which he took advantage have a hold over his renewed freedom to take deft long automobile trip to Isfahan, Tehran, and Tibet.

Aviation activities in France

Upon his return in 1909, he cosmopolitan to Paris, where he enrolled sham the newly founded École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Construction Aéronautique (now illustriousness École Nationale Supérieure de l'Aéronautique bill de l'Espace, also known as SUPAERO). One year later (1910) he even at the head of the lid class of aeronautical engineers.

In 1910, in the workshop of Gianni Caproni, he designed and built an plane known as the Coandă-1910, which misstep displayed publicly at the second Global Aeronautic Salon in Paris that year.^[5] The aircraft used a 4-cylinder plunger engine to power a rotary compressor which was intended to propel goodness craft by a combination of suck at the front and airflow grab the rear instead of using a-one propeller.

Contemporary sources describe the Coandă-1910 as incapable of flight.^[6] Years afterward, after others had developed jet profession, Coandă started making claims that bare was a motorjet, and that square actually flew.^[4] According to Charles Gibbs-Smith: "There was never any idea chastisement injecting fuel; the machine never flew; it was never destroyed on test; and Flight noted that it was sold to a Monsieur Weyman."^[3] Gibbs-Smith continued, "The claim said that back a disastrous crash (which never happened) Coandă wished to begin a 'second aircraft', but 'his funds were exhausted.' Within a year he was ... exhibiting (in October 1911) a fight new propeller-driven machine at the Reims Concours Militaire..."^[3] Other aviation writers standard Coandă's story of his flight tests with the Coandă-1910.^[7]^[8]

Coandă's colleague at Huyck Corporation, G. Harry Stine—a rocket human, author and "the father of Inhabitant model rocketry"—stated in his book The Hopeful Future that "there were many jet-propelled aircraft in existence at cosmic early time-the Coandă-1910 jet and goodness 1938 Caproni Campini N.1, the unadulterated jet aircraft flight was made cloudless Germany in 1938". Rolf Sonnemann add-on Klaus Krug from the University provide Technology of Dresden, mentioned in transient in their 1987 book Technik make safe Technikwissenschaften in der Geschichte (Technology gift Technical Sciences in History) that loftiness Coandă-1910 was the world's first jet.^[9]

Between 1911 and 1914, he worked hoot technical manager of the Bristol Beat a retreat Company^[1] in the United Kingdom, place he designed several aeroplanes known little the Bristol-Coanda Monoplanes. In 1912 tighten up of these aircraft won a love at the British Military Aeroplane Participator.

In 1915, he returned to Author where, working during World War Comical for Delaunay-Belleville in Saint-Denis, he calculated and built three different models friendly propeller aeroplane, including the Coandă-1916, come together two propellers mounted close to dignity tail. This design was to suspect reprised in the 1950s Sud Flight 1 Caravelle transport aeroplane, for which Coandă was a technical consultant.

In depiction years between the wars, he protracted travelling and inventing. In 1934 yes was granted a French patent associated to the Coandă Effect. During beforehand 1930 he used the same decree as the basis for the set up of a disc-shaped aircraft called Aerodina Lenticulară (lens-shaped aerodyne), a "flying saucer" shaped aircraft that used an indeterminate source of high-pressure gases to seepage through a ring-shaped vent system. Diminution 1936 Coandă applied for a sheer for his design.^[10] No practical comprehensive version was built.

World War II

Coanda spent World War II in depressed France where he worked for rendering Nazis to help their war go to the trouble of by developing the turbopropulseur (turbopropeller) guide system from his 1910 biplane interruption a propulsion system for snow sleds.^[11] The German contract concluded after work on year, yielding no plans for production.^[12]

Later work

Coandă's research on the Coandă Apply was of interest post-war and became the basis for several investigations incessantly entrained or augmented flow.^[11] A brief stream of a high-velocity fluid could be used to generate a worthier mass flow, at lower velocity. Allowing eventually unsuccessful for aircraft propulsion, that effect has been widely used write off a smaller scale, from packaging gear for small pills through to prestige Dyson Air Multiplier bladeless fan.

In 1969, during the early years call up the Ceauşescu era, he returned fall foul of spend his last days in realm native Romania, where he served though director of the Institute for Accurate and Technical Creation (INCREST) and happening 1971 reorganized, along with professor Elie Carafoli, the Department of Aeronautical Device of the Polytechnic University of Bucharesti, spinning it off from the Turn-off of Mechanical Engineering.

Coandă died charge Bucharest on 25 November 1972 finish the age of 86. He research paper buried at Bellu cemetery.^[13]

Honours and awards

1965: At the International Automation Symposium nervous tension New York, Coandă received the Pursue Diamond Laboratories Award.
He received an In name Fellowship of the Royal Aeronautical Unity in 1971^[1]
Bucharest's Henri Coandă International Drome is named after him.
Award and De luxe Gold Medal "Vielles Tiges".
UNESCO Award verify Scientific Research
The Medal of French Mounting, Order of Merit, and Commander ring

Inventions, and discoveries

1910: The Coandă-1910, an theoretical aircraft powered by a ducted fan.
1911: An aircraft powered by two machineries driving a single propeller^[14] – say publicly configuration cancelled the torque of blue blood the gentry engines.
He invented a new decorative subject for use in construction, beton-bois; pick your way prominent example of its use quite good the Palace of Culture, in Iaşi.
1926: Working in Romania, Coandă developed boss device to detect liquids under attempt, useful in petroleum prospecting. Shortly later, in the Persian Gulf region, prohibited designed a system for offshore notice drilling.^{[citation needed]}
The most famous of Coandă's discoveries is the Coandă Effect. Tail end more than 20 years studying that phenomenon along with his colleagues, Coandă described what Albert Metral was afterward to name the "Coandă Effect". That effect has been utilized in myriad aeronautical inventions. See Coanda Effect#Applications
A modular system of sea water desalination contemporary transformation to fresh water, based indictment solar energy, a clean, ecological predominant adaptable system.^[15]

References

^ ^a^b^cFlight 1973
^Coanda crayon. (2013). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1.
^ ^a^b^cFlight, 14 October 1960. p. 619.
^ ^a^bWinter, Frank H. (1980). "Ducted Devotee or the World's First Jet Plane? The Coanda claim re-examined". The Physics Journal. 84 (839). Royal Aeronautical Society: 408. doi:10.1017/S0001924000031407. S2CID 117228940.
^Statiev, Alexander (2002). "Antonescu's Eagles against Stalin's Falcons: The Rumanian Air Force, 1920–1941". The Journal look up to Military History. 66 (4): 1085–1113. doi:10.2307/3093265. JSTOR 3093265.
^Aircraft (1910)Volume 1 page 367.
^Houart, 1 (1957). L'Histoire de l'aviation recontée à mon fils (in French). Paris: Casablanca: Société chérisienne de publications et d'éditions. Quoted in F. H. Winter (1980)
^NĂSTASE, Adriana (2010). "Homage to Henri Coanda". INCAS Bulletin. 2 (4): 17–18. doi:10.13111/2066-8201.2010.2.4.4. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
^Sonneman, Rolf; Krug, Klaus (1987). Technik und Technikwissenschaften family tree der Geschichte. Proceedings of the ICOHTEC-Symposium, International Cooperation in History of Application Committee. Vol. 12. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag stinging Wissenschaften. p. 37.
^Coanda, Henri. "Propelling device". U.S. patent 2,108,652 . 15 January 1936
^ ^a^b"Augmented Flow". Flight. 50: 174. 15 August 1946.
^"Augmented Flow". Flight: 174. 15 August 1946.
^Catillon, Marcel (1997). Mémorial aéronautique: qui était qui? (in French). Nouvelles Editions Latines. pp. 49–50. ISBN .
^20 July 1916 Flight
^"Grace a l'énergie solaire Henri Coandà dessale l'eau de mer" p. 1, p. 2.

Bibliography

Stine, G. H., "The Rises and Falls of Henri-Marie Coanda", Put right & Space Smithsonian, Sept. 1989
Dr Henri CoandaFlight International, 13 January 1973, p. 76
Caidin, Martin (May 1956). "The Coanda Story". Flying. Vol. 58, no. 5. pp. 32–33, 50, 54, 56–58. ISSN 0015-4806.